1 . evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything shall be based on the just laws of nature . 一、舊來ノ陋習ヲ破リ天地ノ公道ニ基クヘシ
1 . evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything shall be based on the just laws of nature . 一、舊來ノ陋習ヲ破リ天地ノ公道ニ基クヘシ
fukuoka looked back this provision as ' the aim is to break down evil customs from the past like national isolation and to take and accomplish advantages from the world .' 福岡はこの条文を「従来の鎖国的陋習を打破して広く世界の長を採り之を集めて大成するの趣旨である」と回顧している。
regarding this provision , a researcher before the war takeki osatake interpreted narrowly that ' evil customs of the past ' referred to national isolation as well as expulsion of foreigners and ' the just laws of nature ' meant international public law or international law , and he concluded this provision defined a policy of opening of the country to the world . この条文を、戦前の研究者尾佐竹猛は、「旧来の陋習」は鎖国攘夷を指し、「天地の公道」は万国公法すなわち国際法の意味であり、この条文は開国の方針を規定したものとして狭く解釈していた。
there is one of the five articles " evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon the just laws of nature " and its draft version " evil customs of the past shall be broken off and everything based upon accepted orders of the whole world ," and those words ' 天地ノ公道 ' (law of nature ) and ' 宇内の通儀 ' (orders of the whole world ) are considered to be the same meaning as ' bankoku koho ' (international law ). 五箇条の一つ「旧来の陋習を破り天地の公道に基くべし」、及びその原案「旧来の陋習を破り宇内の通義に従ふへし」に使われていることば「天地ノ公道」・「宇内の通義」は「万国公法」（国際法）の意味だとされる。
